A SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS ON SENTENCE PATTERNS USED IN BARACK OBAMA SPEECH

: This study focuses on 9 basic sentence patterns that used in Barack Obama speech which he delivered when visited Universitas Indonesia Jakarta. The aim of the study is to find out how many sentence patterns that used in Barack Obama Speech. This study used qualitative research which the researcher analyzed through the script. The results of the study showed that there were 8 sentence patterns in the speech as follows, they were pattern 1 (9 sentences), pattern 2 (2 sentences), pattern 3 (26 sentences), pattern 4 (1 sentence), pattern 6 (20 sentences), pattern 7 (103 sentences), pattern 8 (1 sentence), pattern 9 (2 sentences). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the pattern 7 were most dominant of the other pattern, then there was 1 pattern was not found, pattern 5. In this research there were various kinds of sentences pattern in 1 speech that can be used to help you improve writing skill, for English learners especially for the future researchers.

media for people to communicate/recognize each other. In language there is known a linguistics term. Which in linguistics we will study around phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics . Studying linguistics help us to understand the structure of language and how language use. A linguistics unit is a phoneme or a morpheme or a phrase or a clause, or a sentence or a discourse. Meaningful is full of meaning . Thus, one of linguistics is used to form the words in the sentence structure is called syntax more specifically sentence pattern.
Furthermore, in general syntax is the set of rule, principle, and process, that govern the structure of sentences in a given language. According to (Chaer, 2009), syntax is a language subsystem that studies words arrangement and setting into bigger unit. Syntax unit are words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and passages. Thus, it can be simply said that one of the linguistics branches which studies about the grammatical concepts and patterns of sentences (Hampp et al, 2021). Studying syntax means we learn the structuring of a sentence, which profoundly influences the meaning of a sentence. Thus, syntax may help us in making a sentence that becomes a language, in this case sentence pattern.
In this research, the researcher analyzed syntactical sentence pattern that used in Barack Obama speech. So, this research focuses on sentence patterns that used in Barack Obama speech. The researcher chooses Barack Obama speech because it contains a few patterns which may be analyzed syntactically. On the other hand, the speech is chosen because it is the one of the wonderful ways for people to express their thoughts, views, behavior toward something, behind which may make this research more meaningful to readers.

Research Design
In conducting this study, the researcher used descriptive qualitative method because it was analyzing the data in the form of word descriptively. According to (Allowed, 2011), qualitative research was primarily exploratory research use to get an understanding underlying reason, opinions, and motivations of a phenomenon.
Moreover, (Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh, 2002) stated "Qualitative research was a generic term for a variety of research approaches that study phenomena in their natural settings, without predetermined hypotheses". It means the data were collected and analyzed in forms of descriptive rather than statistical or numeral form. The researcher chosen descriptive qualitative to the point out about discussing, analyzing, and finding the sentence patterns in Barack Obama speech.

Data Collection
(Bogdan and Biklen in Rumengan, Kumayas, Wowor, 2020) said that data collections were collected in the form of words, pictures and numbers. Therefore, The data collected were analyzed by doing Unitization, Categorization, Explanation and Interpretation in English words and sentence, (Gerungan et al., 2021) In this research, the researcher used indirect observation method purposed to find out the sentences.
Indirect observation method explained the analysis of the indirectly forms for instance the transcriptions of audio recordings, which is collected with the parts of medias like Phone, printer and Laptop. Therefore, in collecting the data, the researcher firstly looked for the video of Barack Obama speech in the Youtube and download the transcript of the speech. After that prepared the laptop, handphone and printer to print out the script. Therefore, she had to understand deeply about sentence patterns to help her identified what sentence patterns that used in Barack Obama speech, Then, to make it easier for researcher, she prepared the script and rewrite the sentences that stand alone, then she gave the label of sentence patterns in each sentence. She decided to collect the data by using the sentence patterns by Stageberg, which separated into 9 patterns mentioned in the last chapter before.

Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the writer used the procedure by (Miles and Huberman, 1994).
The step are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.

Data Reduction
Data reduction was the process of choosing certain data. (Miles and Huberman, 1994) said that the data reduction was the process of selecting, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data in the transcriptions. In this research, the researcher had analyzed all sentence patterns in Barack Obama speech by following all the steps in reducing the data.

Data Display
Displaying data eased the researcher in constructing the conclusion. As stayed by (Miles and Huberman, 1994) that display was an assembly of information which is compressed and organized in order to make the conclusion to be constructed. By looking at displays helped the researcher to comprehend the idea of the information so that the researcher was able to determine what to do next. In short, by displaying data, the researcher would be able to draw conclusion more easily.

Conclusion drawing
The last step in interpreting the data was drawing the conclusion. The researcher drew the conclusions based on the data which simplify after finishing the previous steps. In short, the conclusions become more accurate and clearer since they were built from the process data before.

Data Reduction
In this point, the researcher began to process analysis data by selecting, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data in the transcription. In consequence, the entire data in Barack Obama speech was 164 sentences, but she reduced the data to 119 sentences. She made reduced the data by choosing 3, 2, even 1 sentence from each paragraph of 45 paragraphs. Many or few sentences was taken depends on the content of each paragraph.

Data Display
After doing the research, the researcher had found 164 sentences that showed in this chapter. So, in this chapter, there were 9 points that exposed by researcher based on

Pattern 1 N be Aj
Pattern 1 is consist of the Noun, be, Adjective. Which of the sentences that includes to the pattern 1 is particularly adjective or adjectival. The adjective in pattern 1 is in the grammatical meaning a modifier of the subject. However, the sentences were found as pattern 1 not only adjective form but adjectival. That is, adjectival is any word, whatever its form-class (noun, verb, adverb or uninflected word) occupying the adjective position. If the word is more than one word, like prepositional phrase, adjective phrase. It is adjectival.
Based on the data analysis, the researcher found there are 9 sentences includes to the pattern 1 (N be Aj). To prove that can be seen on the table below: The stakes are high in resolving these issues N (The stakes), be (are), Aj (high in resolving these issues)

Pattern 2 N be Av
Based on data collected, the researcher found 2 sentences that includes to the pattern 2 (N Be Av). Adverb is a word that describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective, adverb, or phrase. There are parts of adverb, adv of time, adv of place, adv of manner. From the data below researcher analyzed that the sentence "it was 1967" is an adverb of time, and second sentence "That is exactly" is an adverb of manner. So, this are data below:

Pattern 3 N1 be N1
Pattern 3 consists of Noun 1 be Noun 1. The superscript after the second noun means that this noun has the same referent as N1, that is both my step-father and a boy refer to the same person. The meaning of be in P3 is "be identified or classified as." The first N (subject) has the grammatical meaning of that which is identified. The second N1 means grammatically "that which identifies the subject" is called the subjective complement. Thus, from the analysis, the researcher was found 26 sentences that refers to the P3, it can be seen on the table 1.3. 26. Indonesia is a part of me N1 (Indonesia), be (is), N1 (a part of me) 3 1

Pattern 4 N LV Aj
Pattern 4 consists of Noun Linking Verb Adjective. Linking verb is a type of verb connecting that connect the subject with the complementary that describes it, can be noun and adjective complement, and is often used to displace To Be and it has associated with something related to the senses.
In collecting the data, the researcher was found only 1 sentence pattern in Barack Obama speech that refers to the pattern 4, below is the data:

Pattern 6 N InV (=intransitive verb)
Pattern 6 Noun intransitive verb, the pattern is only composed of subject and verb, it means this pattern has meaning without object. There are several sentences that could have led us wrong to define the pattern 6 and the other pattern. If a sentence consists of noun + verb + adjective/adverb, that is called pattern 6.
Based on the data collected, researcher had found 20 sentences that refers to the pattern 6. It can be seen on the table below:

Pattern 7 N1 TrV (=transitive verb) N2
Pattern 7 consists of the first noun + transitive verb + second noun, to determine which sentence belongs to pattern 7. The first, the sentences must have the object, then the object does not have the same referent as the subject, it is called the direct object of the verb and has the grammatical meaning of the receiver of the action. Moreover, a transitive verb has two forms, which we call active and passive.
Based on the data analysis, the researcher found 103 sentences of Barack Obama speech that refers to the pattern 7, These are the data below:   From the data collected, the researcher found and analyzed 2 sentence patterns in Barack Obama speech that refers to the pattern 9: From 6 parts of pattern 9, researcher only found 1 part of it. Namely, Noun 1 + Transitive verb + Noun 2 + Noun 2. Below are the data:

Conclusion Drawing
After reducing and displaying the data collected in Barack Obama speech, the researcher summarized the total of the data analysis, which is comprised of 7 sheets of the script contained 45 paragraphs and 230 lines.
From the results that concluded by researcher based on Norman Stageberg's theory 9 basic sentence patterns. She found Pattern 1 were 9 sentences, pattern 2 were 2 sentences, pattern 3 were 26 sentences, pattern 4 was 1 sentence, pattern 5 was not found, pattern 6 were 20 sentences, pattern 7 were 103 sentences, pattern 8 was 1 sentence, pattern 9 were 2 sentences. From the results above, it can be concluded that most dominant pattern found in Barack Obama speech were pattern 7 (N1 TrV N2), and pattern 5 (N1 LV N1), however, was not used at all. In addition, using sentence pattern is very influential in the written English as it is part of grammar. Especially for English learner.