Journal of English Culture, Language, Literature and Education
slot gacor E-Clue Journal is a peer-reviewed journal and published twice a year in the months of June and December; publishing research reports and conceptual analysis; within the fields of teaching English, English literature, culture, and linguistics. It is published by the English department of Universitas Negeri Manado. toto slot slot online RTP Live Mahjong Ways Sweet Bonanza Mahjong Pragmatic Play Freespin Mahjong Ways 2 RTP PG Soft Mahjong Wins Spin Auto Mahjong Ways Gates of Olympus Mahjong Wins 3 Baccarat Online
Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT for Grammar Assessment and Personalized Feedback
This research investigates the role of the AI chatbot ChatGPT in grammar assessment and personalized feedback for second-grade students at SMKN 10 Makassar. It aims to evaluate ChatGPTÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s accuracy in assessing studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ grammatical competence, the effectiveness of its feedback in enhancing grammar skills, and studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ perceptions of its usefulness as a grammar learning tool. Using a mixed-method explanatory sequential design, quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire involving 46 students, while qualitative insights were gained through interviews with six purposively selected participants. The findings revealed that a majority of students perceived ChatGPT as accurate and consistent in identifying grammatical errors, particularly appreciating the clarity and specificity of its feedback. Furthermore, the data indicated that ChatGPT contributed to improved grammar understanding and motivation, especially through personalized explanations and error correction. Qualitative responses supported these findings, highlighting studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ increased confidence and engagement in grammar learning. While some neutral responses suggested room for refinement in feedback fairness and bias perception, the overall results demonstrate ChatGPTÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s potential as an effective supplementary tool in grammar instruction. This research contributes to the growing literature on AI-assisted language learning and offers practical implications for integrating technology into grammar teaching at the junior high school level.
AI Chatbot ChaptGPT Personalized feedback Grammar Assessment
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of English Culture, Language, Literature and Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Pre-Service EFL TeachersÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Deeper Learning Awareness on the 21st-Century Skills Promotion
The current study aims to investigates the effect of pre-service EFL teachers' awareness of promoting deeper learning on studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ 21st-century skills encouragement. This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional survey design. The participants were 366 pre-service EFL teachers from five universities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were collected by distributing two questionnaires: the Deeper Learning Awareness, adapted from Jiang (2022) and Rodriguez and Fitzpatrick (2014), and the 21st-Century Skills questionnaires, adapted from Kelley et al. (2019). The pilot testing, expert judgement and SPPS analysis were used to assess the questionnairesÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ validity, reliability, and practicality. The data were analyzed using Regression Analysis. The result reported that pre-service EFL teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta are aware of promoting deeper learning to support studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ 21st-century skills. Their deeper learning awareness also significantly predicted the promotion of 21st-century skills. The more pre-service EFL teachers are aware of promoting deeper learning, the more the 21st-century skills are implemented in the EFL learning.
Deeper learning, Awareness, 21st-century skills, Pre-service EFL teachers
Challenges Faced by EFL Teachers in Setting Learning Objectives for Writing Materials in the Senior High School Context
This study investigates the challenges encountered by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in setting learning objectives for writing instruction in Indonesian senior high schools. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 20 EFL teachers across various schools in Makassar, followed by thematic analysis to identify shared patterns of experience. The findings reveal five major themes: challenges in curriculum interpretation, constraints from student-related factors, instructional design limitations, adaptive strategies for objective setting, and institutional and professional needs. Teachers reported difficulty translating the broad competencies of Kurikulum 2013 into measurable classroom objectives due to limited training in curriculum interpretation and instructional design. They also faced learner heterogeneity, low motivation, and writing anxiety, which necessitated process-based and differentiated goals. Despite these barriers, teachers demonstrated pedagogical agency through adaptive strategies such as backward design, pre-assessment, authentic writing tasks, and technology-assisted feedback to enhance coherence and engagement. The study highlights the need for sustained, practical, and context-specific professional development that connects curriculum theory with classroom practice. Institutional mentoring and professional learning communities are recommended to strengthen teachersÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ ability to design realistic, measurable, and contextually relevant objectives for EFL writing instruction. The research contributes to the broader understanding of teacher cognition and curriculum enactment, illustrating how educational policy, pedagogical decision-making, and local realities interact to shape the quality of writing instruction in Indonesia.
An Analysis Reduplication of Sabu Language in Eikare Village Sabu Liae District Sabu Raijua Regency
This research is An Analysis Reduplication of Sabu Language In Eikare Village Sabu Liae District Sabu Raijua Regency. The purpose of this research are (1) to find out the forms of reduplication in the Liae dialect of the Sabu language and (2) to find out the functions of reduplication in the Liae dialect of the Sabu Language. The research method that the researcher used is qualitative descriptive. The researcher takes two native speakers as informants in the Liae dialect of the Sabu Language. The instrument used in this research is thirty sentences in Indonesian, then translated into the Sabu Language. The researcher will use three data collection techniques: transcribing, identifying, and analyzing. Reduplication in the Sabu language is often used to give intensification or quantity to these words. For example, in the Sabu language, the noun is used to express the number of objects, such as manu-chicken into manu-manu-chickens. In addition, expressing repeated actions, such as bejhi-sleep becoming bejhi-bejhi, means to lie down. It should be noted that reduplication in the Sabu language is not just a repetition of words without phonological and morphological changes. Each type of reduplication has specific rules and functions, so it is necessary to analyze to understand the concept. The results of this research are expected to positively contribute to the field of linguistics, especially in improving the understanding of regional languages, developing literacy, and supporting local cultural preservation efforts by promoting the importance of the Sabu language in the cultural context of the Sabu community
Analysis, Reduplication, Sabu Language, Eikare Village
Exploring the Meanings of the Figurative Language in A DogÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Way Home Movie
This research investigates how figurative language expresses deeper meanings and emotional dimensions in the film. While figurative language is widely used in cinematic works, studies that explore its types, implied meanings, and narrative contributions are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the types and meanings of figurative language found in A DogÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Way Home, using M.H. AbramsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s classification of figurative language and Geoffrey LeechÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s theory of meaning. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to analyze selected dialogues and scenes that contained figurative expressions. A total of 64 figurative expressions were identified, with personification (21.9%) and irony (20.3%) as the most frequent types, followed by simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, paradox, and synecdoche. Each expression was examined to reveal conceptual, connotative, affective, and social meanings. The findings show that figurative language in the film not only serves stylistic functions but also deepens the thematic and emotional aspects of the story. It conveys themes of loyalty, loneliness, resilience, and the strong bond between humans and animals, especially through the portrayal of the protagonistÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s internal struggles. This study contributes to the field of film and language studies by highlighting the significant role of figurative language in enriching narrative depth. The implication suggests that figurative language analysis can be a useful approach in educational contexts to foster deeper interpretation of film texts
Meanings, Figurative language, Movie, A DogÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Way Home
The Dystopia Characteristics in Aldous Huxley Brave New World
Dystopian literature is defined as fiction that portrays an uncertain future for society and humanity. This can be considered a warning to society members to be aware of their surroundings and the potential for horrible things to happen without their knowledge. One example of literary works that portraying dystopian characteristics is Brave New World (1932) by Aldous Huxley. Thus, this research aims to identify and reveal the dystopia characteristics in the novel Aldous HuxleyÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Brave New World using dystopian characteristics theory by Terri Chung. This research uses qualitative research because the data is in the form of word. In analyse the data, the researcher are using objective approach which focuses on the novelÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s intrinsic elements, including its characters, setting, and themes. The result of this research shows that the novel contains all nine dystopia characteristics from ChungÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s theory including propaganda, restricted knowledge, social control, dehumanization, and the illusion of a perfect society. The character, John the Savage, represents the struggle of true human experience in a world dominated by artificial happiness and control. His tragic fate highlight the novel warning that society prioritizing stability over freedom ultimately dehumanizes its citizens. The results showed that Brave New World novel portrays a dystopia society that appears perfect on the surface but is actually controlled and oppressive
Dystopia, Literary Analysis, Terri Chung, Individuality, Brave New World
Students' Perceptions of Immediate Feedback and Delayed Feedback in Learning Writing
This study stems from the existence of corrective feedback whose timing has become a hotly debated issue and requires further empirical investigation by second language researchers. This needs to be done because related to the ideal time to implement corrective feedback, some studies confirm that immediate feedback has more positive effects and maximizes students' learning opportunities. However, on the other hand, some researchers claim that of the two types of feedback, delayed feedback is more influential and beneficial in students' language development. This study aims to further explore students' perceptions of immediate feedback and delayed feedback in the writing learning process. Descriptive Qualitative Method was carried out in this study byÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â involving 20 students as samples. The instruments used in collecting data are questionnaire and interview. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model consisting of data collection, data filtering, data display and conclusion making or verification. The results of data analysis showed that all responses to immediate corrective feedback were positive as indicated by 66% of students chose strongly agree and 34% chose agree. As for delayed corrective feedback, only 35% of students agreed and the remaining 65% disagreed.
Delayed feedback; Immediate feedback; studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ perception; Writing
This research was involving 20 grade XI students as subject or informan. Then, the determination of the subject was based on the consideration of the subject matter taught.
Improving StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Reading Comprehension Through Interactive Read Aloud Method at SMP Negeri 4 Dumoga
This research focuses on the challenges faced by 8th grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Dumoga, with an emphasis on their difficulties in English comprehension. The researcher found that many students find it difficult to read and understand English texts. Based on this problem, the Interactive Read Aloud method is a way that can be used to improve students' reading comprehension. This research used a pre-experimental design that included a one-group pre-test and post-test. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Dumoga and the research subjects were twenty students of 8th grade. In the data collection process, the researcher used a test consisting of twenty questions in the form of multiple choice. Based on the results obtained from the analyzed data, students' reading comprehension increased as evidenced by the mean score of the pre-test (39.25) and the mean score of the post-test (74.50), where there was an increase in scores from pre-test to post-test. Before the treatment, the students' scores were lower than the scores after the treatment. This shows that the use of interactive read aloud method is effective in improving reading comprehension. Since this method has the ability to adjust to students' different ability levels, it is recommended that junior high school teachers use the interactive read aloud method to improve students' reading comprehension
Reading Comprehension, Interactive Read Aloud, English Learning, Pre-Experimental Design
Students Perception of Using the Duolingo Application in Mastering English Language Skills in an English Study Program
This research aims to analyze the effect of using the Duolingo application on students' mastery of English in the English Education Study Program at one of the universities in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was used in this study, using data collection methods through a Likert scale-based questionnaire adopted from scientific articles. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique, using the criteria of students who have used the Duolingo application for at least one month. The questionnaire consisted of closed-ended statements that measured the intensity of Duolingo application usage and students' English mastery level, including vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, and grammar skills. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the relationship between the independent variable (intensity of Duolingo usage) and the dependent variable (English language acquisition). The results showed that using the Duolingo application significantly influences students' mastery of English. Duolingo allows students to learn independently outside of class in a more fun and interactive way and improve their English skills effectively. This finding indicates that Duolingo can be used as an effective supplementary learning medium in the context of English language education
Duolingo Usage, English Mastery, Learning Application
Among Video-Based Learning, Web-Based Learning and EFL StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Mastery of Conditional Sentences: A Study of Senior High School Level
This research explored the impact of Video-Based Learning (VBL) and Web-Based Learning (WBL) on enhancing the understanding of conditional sentences (Types 1, 2, and 3) among Grade 10 students at SMA UNKLAB Airmadidi. Employing a quasi-experimental design, 60 students were assigned to two groups: one received instruction via VBL, while the other was taught using WBL. Pre-test and post-test results were examined using IBM SPSS Version 26, with both paired-sample and independent-sample t-tests applied. The paired-sample t-test indicated notable improvement in both groups. The average score for the VBL group rose from 33.60 to 77.87, and for the WBL group from 33.20 to 59.73. The independent-sample t-test yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.001, signifying a statistically significant difference between the groups. While both approaches were effective, VBL demonstrated a more substantial effect on students' grammar proficiency. Additionally, analysis showed no significant difference in performance based on gender, suggesting that both teaching methods were equally effective for male and female students. Overall, the findings underscore the advantages of incorporating digital media in grammar instruction, with VBL particularly enhancing student engagement and understanding of complex grammar topics. This study affirms the value of multimedia in English teaching and highlights the potential of visual and interactive content to boost learner motivation and success.
Video-Based Learning (VBL), Web-Based Learning (WBL), Grammar Mastery, Conditional Sentences, Educational Technology
The Effectiveness of Differentiated Learning Approach within PBL Model to Improve StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Differentiated Learning Approach within the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ critical thinking skills in English, particularly on the topic of analytical exposition text among grade XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This study employed a quantitative method using a quasi-experimental design of the Non-Equivalent Group Design type. The sample consisted of class XI A as the experimental group and XI B as the control group, each with 20 students selected through random sampling. Data collection techniques included pre-test, post-test, observations, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the t-test to examine the effect off Differentiated Learning approach within PBL to studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Critical Thinking. The results revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. Students in the experimental group who received instruction using the Differentiated Learning Approach within the PBL model showed notable improvement. The average pre-test score in learning achievement increased from from 58.45 to 83.20. The t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05. These findings demonstrate that the Differentiated Learning Approach within the Problem-Based Learning model is effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills, particularly in learning English analytical exposition texts.
Differentiated Learning, Problem Based Learning (PBL), StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Critical Thinking, Analytical Exposition Text
Indonesian EFL StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Perceptions of AI-Based Chatbots in English Language Learning at The Secondary School Level
The rapid advancement of technology has brought transformative changes to the field of education, including English language learning. This study investigates Indonesian EFL secondary school studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ perceptions of AI-based chatbots in English language learning, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 142 senior high school students across East Java who had prior experience using AI-based chatbots such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity. The analysis explored five dimensions of TAM: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Positive Attitudes, Negative Attitudes, and Behavioral Intention. The results indicated generally favorable perceptions, with students reporting high ease of use and a positive outlook on chatbot-assisted learning, especially for reading and writing. However, they expressed moderate concerns regarding ethical risks, such as academic dishonesty and the need for supervision. Gender analysis revealed that female students reported significantly higher negative attitudes, while no significant differences were found across grade levels. These findings affirm the relevance of TAM in understanding technology adoption in EFL contexts and highlight the need for pedagogical strategies and digital literacy to ensure the ethical and effective integration of AI-based chatbots into formal language learning environments.
Between Vocabulary and Digital Media: To what Extent the Implementation of TikTok in EFL Classroom Setting
The purpose of this research is to determine whether TikTok can improve students' vocabulary mastery. With the rise of social media as an innovative educational resource, TikTok's engaging video format presents a unique opportunity for language learning. This is a quantitative study using pre-test and post-test design through written test in a form of Multiple Choice, fill in the blank, Mix and Match question and questionnaire. The subjects of this study consisted of 18 students from Class 10 at SMA Negeri 1 Tatoareng.The highest score on the pre-test was 50, while the lowest score was 20. In contrast, the post-test results showed a remarkable improvement, with the highest score reaching 100 and the lowest score being 80 while the mean score for the pre-test was 40, and the mean score for the post-test go up till to 85. These results indicate significant improvements, leading to the conclusion that TikTok is an effective learning medium for enhancing English vocabulary mastery among students at SMA N 1 Tatoareng.
Graduate Students Perceptions Toward the Integration of Heutagogy Approach in Material Development Class
This study investigates graduate students' perspectives on integrating the heutagogical approach in a Material Development course, emphasizing its effects on engagement, critical thinking, skill acquisition, and real-world applicability. Heutagogy, or self-determined learning, prioritizes learner autonomy, critical reflection, and the flexibility to tailor learning strategies to individual needs. The research employs a descriptive qualitative design, utilizing Likert-scale questionnaires and interviews to collect data from 15 doctoral students, with five selected for in-depth discussions. Findings indicate that most participants consider heutagogy highly effective in promoting self-directed learning and creativity in material development. Notably, 73% strongly believe this approach will benefit their academic and professional futures, demonstrating its relevance to evolving trends in educational material creation. Additionally, 67% feel confident in their ability to innovate and adapt, while 53% recognize its role in developing transferable skills for interdisciplinary projects. Furthermore, 80% affirm that heutagogy is well-suited for doctoral-level education, reinforcing its value in advanced academic settings. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges remain, particularly regarding students' confidence in mentoring others through heutagogical methods. This underscores the need for further investigation into peer-learning and mentorship strategies within this framework. Overall, the study highlights heutagogyÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s effectiveness in fostering critical thinking and adaptability in higher education.
Heutagogy Approach, EFL Students, Material Development, Learner Autonomy, Perception
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning in Improving English Writing Skills in Higher Education
The study investigates the effectiveness of collaborative learning in improving English writing skills among higher education students. Despite widespread advocacy for collaborative learning, there remains a significant gap in understanding its specific impact on various aspects of writing, such as coherence, grammar, and vocabulary use. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to synthesize findings from recent studies (2018-2024) on collaborative learning in writing instruction. Key findings reveal that collaborative learning, particularly through peer feedback and real-time digital tools like Google Docs, enhances students' writing skills in coherence, grammar, and vocabulary. The study also identifies the role of technology in facilitating collaborative processes and highlights challenges such as time management and student engagement. Pedagogical implications include the need for structured group activities, the integration of digital tools, and instructor facilitation to optimize the benefits of collaborative learning. This research contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of collaborative learning's impact on writing skills, offering insights for educators to enhance writing instruction in higher education.
A Systematic Review of Effective Techniques For Overcoming Difficulties in Academic Writing
This study explores the challenges students face in academic writing and identifies effective techniques that can help overcome these problems. The research background shows that academic writing skills are essential for students and researchers, but many face difficulties in organising ideas, following writing guidelines, and structuring arguments logically. Using a qualitative approach, this study applied systematic literature review (SLR) to collect data from in-depth interviews and observations of students and researchers. The results showed that good planning, clear language use, and peer feedback significantly improved the quality of writing. In addition, techniques such as mind mapping and the use of writing aids were also shown to support a more systematic writing process. This study fills a gap in the literature by highlighting the lack of integration of various academic writing techniques and the influence of external factors such as social support and stress levels on the effectiveness of these techniques. The findings are expected to provide guidance for academic writers in selecting techniques appropriate to the challenges faced and provide insights for educators in supporting the development of students' writing skills.
Effective techniques, Overcoming difficulties, Academic writing, Systematic Review
Revealing the Social Criticism in Literary Works: An Objective Study of Laskar Pelangi and The Grapes of Wrath
This article examines the social criticism expressed in two literary works: Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck. Using a descriptive qualitative method and an objective approach, the study focuses on analyzing intrinsic elements such as themes, characters, and conflicts within the texts. Laskar Pelangi portrays the social realities in Belitung, Indonesia, highlighting issues such as social inequality and limited access to education while delivering a message of hope and perseverance through the struggles of underprivileged children. In contrast, The Grapes of Wrath captures the hardships faced by migrant farmworker families in the United States during the Great Depression, emphasizing labor exploitation and the importance of social unity. Although the two works emerge from different cultural and historical backgrounds, they converge on the themes of social injustice and the pursuit of societal transformation. The findings demonstrate that literature serves as a powerful medium for articulating social critique and fostering awareness of significant societal issues. This analysis reinforces the role of literary works in illuminating social realities and inspiring critical reflection among readers. The research employs an objective study method to ensure an impartial evaluation of the texts' intrinsic elements.
Social Criticism, Literary Works, Objectives Study, Laskar Pelangi, The Grapes of Wrath
The Use of STAD Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Reading Comprehension Skills of Junior High School Students
This study investigates the importance of English language learning in Indonesia, particularly focusing on reading comprehension among students at Kakaskasen Christian Junior High School. As English has become a global lingua franca, mastering it is essential for students to enhance their communication skills and improve their employability in an increasingly interconnected world. However, many students struggle with reading comprehension, as evidenced by assessments showing that only 7 out of 25 students met the minimum required score. The challenges identified include limited vocabulary, lack of engagement with reading materials, and ineffective teaching methods. To address these issues, the research advocates for the implementation of cooperative learning strategies, specifically the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) model. This approach encourages collaboration among students and fosters an interactive learning environment that can enhance their reading skills. The findings suggest that employing cooperative learning techniques can significantly boost student motivation and performance in reading comprehension, ultimately preparing them for future academic and career opportunities while promoting a deeper understanding of cultural diversity through language learning.
STAD, Cooperative Learning, Reading Comprehension, High School Students
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of English Culture, Language, Literature and Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students Intercultural Competence in Their Ability to Communicate from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds
Intercultural competence is an essential skill for students in todayÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s globalized educational landscape, particularly in English language learning contexts. This study investigates studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ intercultural competence, focusing on their ability to adapt and communicate effectively across diverse cultural boundaries. Employing a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 53 university students engaged in English language programs. Findings reveal varying levels of competence: while 35.8% of participants reported ease in adapting to cultural differences, nearly half (49.1%) expressed neutrality, indicating limited confidence or experience. Challenges such as language barriers (62.3%) and unfamiliarity with social customs (20.8%) were identified as significant obstacles. Despite these challenges, students participating in cultural exchange programs or engaging with diverse peers demonstrated enhanced competence, gaining enriched perspectives, improved communication skills, and stronger social bonds. Positive experiences included language acquisition, cultural understanding, and mutual respect. To address gaps, the study recommends integrating intercultural communication training, cultural awareness workshops, and experiential learning programs into curricula. Additionally, fostering supportive environments through mentorship and safe spaces for dialogue is essential. These interventions aim to empower students, equipping them for effective communication and collaboration in multicultural academic and professional settings.
Intercultural, Competence, Ability to Communicate, Cultural
Self-Sacrifice As Seen in Harry Potter and The PhilosopherÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Stone Movie
The purpose of this study is to reveal Self-Sacrifice as Seen in Kloves's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. In conducting the study, the writer delimited this study only in revealing self-sacrifice using descriptive qualitative method. In analyzing the data the writer used psychological approach based on the theory of Carl Jung. Jung said that we must deal with three powerful archetypes that compose the self there are the Shadow, the Anima, and the Persona. The data taken from the Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone movie script by Steve Kloves based on the novel by J.K. Rowling. After analyze the movie script the writer may concluded that the characters in Harry Potter and the PhilosopherÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s Stone indeed their self-sacrifice through their Sincerity of Love which is anima; Willingness to make Commitment and Willingness to tell Lies which are shadow; and Willingness to take a Risk which is persona as the components of self-sacrifice. These four types of self-sacrifice clearly describe in the movie. Through these findings, how sincere and valuable are self-sacrifice that felt by the main character Harry Potter and experienced by his family and friends seen in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Movie. ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â
Philosophy of Education in the Digital Age: A Systematic Review of ELT Approaches and Ethical Considerations
The rapid integration of digital technologies into English Language Teaching (ELT) has significantly reshaped pedagogical practices, offering both opportunities and ethical challenges. This study reviews the philosophy of education in the digital age, with a focus on ELT approaches and the ethical concerns arising from their adoption. Three key issues are identified: accessibility and the digital divide, data privacy and security, and reduced human interaction. These challenges underscore the importance of a balanced approach to digital education that upholds equity, security, and social connection. The findings reveal that, while digital tools enhance access to educational resources, they risk excluding students from marginalized communities due to technological disparities. Similarly, the growing use of digital platforms raises concerns about the collection and misuse of sensitive student data, emphasizing the need for robust data protection measures. Additionally, the decline in human interaction within virtual learning environments may affect student motivation, engagement, and emotional well-being. Addressing these ethical challenges is crucial to ensuring that digital ELT adheres to the principles of inclusivity and fairness, fostering a more equitable and secure learning environment for all students. This review provides practical insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in navigating the complexities of digital education.
Philosophy in ELT, English Education, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Era
Does it Work?: Applying English Translation Shift to Achieve StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Ability
This study investigates the translation abilities of English Education students, specifically the 2022 cohort at the English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Papua. Conducted in March 2024, this research adopts a quantitative method, utilizing a translation shift approach to analyze the collected data. The study's sample consisted of 20 purposively selected students from the 2022 batch (Arikunto, 1993). A translation test was employed as the primary data collection instrument, focusing on simple phrases and sentences. The collected quantitative data were analyzed to evaluate students' translation skills and determine the frequency of applied translation shifts. The findings reveal that students predominantly utilized translation shifts in their translations, with the most frequent being structure shifts and unit shifts. These shifts highlight the students' preference for adapting grammatical structures and linguistic units to achieve equivalence between the source and target languages. Moreover, out of six recognized types of translation shifts, the students successfully demonstrated competence in four, reflecting their ability to handle a range of translation challenges based on the provided test items.
Analysis English translation English translation types English translation shift
Integrating Digital Games-Based Language Learning for EFL Speaking Skills Development: A Case Study in an Indonesian University
Digital learning has become a potential learning tool since the COVID pandemic which causes the use of new technologies including digital games-based language learning. However, the implementation still has challenges due to technical, instructional, and financial barriers. Previous studies suggest exploring more teaching experiences related to the use of digital games-based language learning for future contributions. This study aims to explore the implementation of digital games-based language learning in higher education. To achieve this goal, this study was conducted in an Indonesian higher education, the State University of Makassar by applying a qualitative case study to collect data. The researcher collected the data from 2 lecturers recruited using a convenient sampling technique. The thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. This study explores teacher experiences in using digital games-based language learning in a speaking classroom. This study found that the lecturers plan, implement, and evaluate digital games-based language learning in three categories namely well, moderate, and low implemented. From this result, it is claimed academically that digital games-based language learning (DGBLL) can be planned, implemented, and evaluated strategically in speaking classrooms based on learning objectives, learning outcomes, and students' learning needs. Combining technology with game-based learning, education can be more dynamic and relevant, accommodating a variety of learning styles and motivating students to be more actively involved in the learning process.
Digital Games Based Language Learning (DGBLL), EFL Speaking Classroom, Higher Education, Digital Learning
The Interplay Among AI, Language Research, and Academic Publishing: A Systematic Review of Trends and Future Directions
The transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language research and academic publishing has garnered significant attention in recent years. This systematic review explores the interplay among AI, language research, and academic publishing, focusing on trends, challenges, opportunities, and future directions. A total of 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 to 2024 were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines to ensure comprehensive coverage. Findings reveal that AI technologies such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine translation, and automated peer-review systems are revolutionizing methodologies in linguistic studies and scholarly dissemination. While the adoption of AI presents numerous opportunities such as enhanced accessibility, increased efficiency, and advanced linguistic analysis it also raises challenges. Key concerns include ethical issues, data privacy, biases in AI algorithms, and resistance to adoption due to fears of over-reliance on automation. Additionally, the future of AI in these domains points to exciting possibilities, including ethical AI development, generative AIÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s role in redefining authorship, and the integration of AI literacy into academic training. This review contributes to the growing discourse by mapping current trends and identifying gaps in research, offering actionable recommendations for stakeholders. It underscores the need for responsible and inclusive AI practices to harness its potential fully, ensuring sustainable advancements in language research and academic publishing.
Artificial Intelligent, Language Research, Academic Publishing, The Future of AI, AI Direction
The Effect of Edpuzzle as Learning Media for Junior High School StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Writing Skill
These days, technology mostly contributes to education, particularly for students who wish to learn English writing. Edpuzzle is an innovative educational tool designed to teach English. This app is a video-content-based learning tool that may be developed for the benefit of the students. As thus, the key objective of the current research is to aid teachers in using Edpuzzle as a means of instruction for junior high school students with the objective to determine the effect it has on their abilities to write. The present research was conducted quantitatively and utilized a pre-experimental approach. According to the research's design, the researcher has given a writing assessment to 32 students as a sample over this research. Pretests and posttests, which are written assessments, were the research instruments utilized in this research. The research came across that Edpuzzle were having significant effects on the abilities to write of 8th junior high school students. The researcher admits as the current study may not have been finest; there were several barriers or weaknesses experienced throughout the procedure. As an outcome, it is uncertain that what was discovered of the present research can be generalized to wider populations or overseas.
Edpuzzle, Learning Media, English Language Teaching, Writing Skills
Improving StudentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ Speaking Skill through Communicative Approach: Discussion
The research aimed to determine whether the use of a communicative approach (discussion) improves studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ speaking skills. The researcher applied a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The variables of the research were independent and dependent. The independent variable was discussion. The dependent variable was the studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ speaking skills. The population of this study was the second-grade students of MAN Baraka Kab. Enrekang in the academic year of 2023/2024. A total of 31 students in one class were decided by using the cluster random sampling technique. The data were obtained by administering the speaking test to the XI MIA 4 and analyzed by using SPSS 20 to know about the result of the studentÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢s scores. The researcher found the results that discussion improves studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ speaking skills. The mean score of the pre-test was 25.62 with a standard deviation was 8.56 and the mean score of the post-test was 45.34 with a standard deviation was 12.26. So, it is concluded that the students of second-grade students of MAN Baraka Kab. Enrekang showed significant improvement in their speaking skills.
Discussion Method, Speaking Skills, Communicative Approach, EFL
Beneath the Bell Jar: Exploring Esther Greenwood's Mental Health Journey in Sylvia Plath's Seminal Novel
This study delves into Sylvia Plath's "The Bell Jar," focusing on the protagonist Esther Greenwood's nuanced portrayal of mental illness. Through a qualitative approach, the research explores Esther's psychological journey, examining her struggles and resilience in the face of mental health challenges. The study employs various literary analysis techniques to dissect and interpret the novel's content, with the primary data source being Plath's prose itself. This approach provides a broader context and theoretical framework for understanding the novel's themes, blending literary analysis with psychological and sociological perspectives. The study pays particular attention to the depiction of 1950s psychiatric treatments, critically examining their inadequacies and limitations. Special focus is given to the portrayal of electroconvulsive therapy, a controversial treatment that plays a significant role in Esther's experiences. Findings underscore the critical importance of empathetic care and robust societal support in addressing mental health challenges. By delving into Esther's experiences, the research illuminates the profound impact of understanding, compassion, and appropriate treatment on individuals struggling with mental illness. Furthermore, this analysis reveals how Plath's work continues to resonate with contemporary readers, touching on timeless themes of identity, societal expectations, and the human psyche. The study argues that "The Bell Jar" serves as a poignant exploration of mental illness and a critique of societal norms and mental health treatment in mid-20th century America. This interdisciplinary approach appeals to a broad scholarly audience interested in literature, mental health, and social history, offering insights that bridge multiple fields of study.
Overcoming Initial Deficiencies in Confidence and Classroom Management of English Education Students at Teaching Practicum
This study investigates the challenges faced by English Education students at Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong due to deficiencies in foundational English skills, focusing on their confidence and classroom management during teaching practicums. The research has three primary objectives: to identify specific challenges, analyze the impact of these deficiencies on students' confidence and classroom management abilities, and propose effective interventions. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from sixth-semester students through structured surveys and self-report questionnaires, which assessed perceived challenges, confidence levels, and classroom management skills. The findings revealed significant difficulties in vocabulary (72%), grammar (65%), pronunciation (58%), listening comprehension (60%), and speaking fluency (70%), compounded by limited exposure to English-speaking environments. A strong correlation was found between low English proficiency and decreased self-confidence, with 68% of respondents feeling unprepared to manage classrooms effectively. To address these challenges, the study proposes targeted interventions, including enhanced language support programs, peer mentoring, simulation activities, regular feedback mechanisms, and workshops on classroom management. These recommendations aim to improve the teaching practicum experience for English Education students, ultimately fostering their professional development and effectiveness as future educators.
Exploring English Reading Challenges in Southwest Papua EFL Classrooms: The Role of Virtual Learning
This research explores the obstacles students encounter during English reading instruction through virtual learning in Southwest Papua's English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. The study was conducted at UNIMUDA Sorong, utilizing both offline and online methods for data collection. The researcher recruited 20 participants through convenient sampling. Qualitative data was collected and analysed thematically, revealing that students perceive virtual learning as highly beneficial for improving their English reading skills. They find it user-friendly and hold a positive attitude towards its integration into learning. Consequently, it is asserted that students' favorable perceptions of virtual learning's value in enhancing EFL classrooms in Papua correspond to their adeptness in utilizing virtual learning for reading comprehension. The findings suggest that virtual learning can effectively support EFL instruction, highlighting its potential to overcome traditional learning barriers in this context. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for adequate technological infrastructure and continuous training for both students and teachers to maximize the benefits of virtual learning.
Challenges, Virtual learning, Reading, Papua EFL classrooms
Using Authentic Materials to Improve Paragraph Writing Skills in Senior High School
The aim of the research was to determine whether or not authentic materials are attractive to SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba students in the tenth grade, as well as to improve the students' achievement in paragraph writing utilising authentic resources. Quasi-experiment research methodology was used. The study was conducted in the academic year of 2023ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â¦ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å“2024 at SMA Negeri 9 Bulukumba. There were 300 students in the study, divided into 10 classes. Out of 300 students, 40 were chosen randomlyÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â and divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. This made up the sample. Test writing instruments were employed. The test was used to gather information about the students' writing proficiency. The t-test was used to evaluate the data. The study's findings demonstrated that students' proficiency in writing paragraphs with authenticÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â materials is greater to their proficiency with writing paragraphs without them. The mean scores of the studentsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¾ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ post-test who were taught using authentic materialsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â were 76.55. However, the students' achievement on the post-test that was taught without the use of authentic materialsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â had a mean score of 59.75. It can be stated, then, that teaching students with actual materialsÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã†â€™ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…Â¡ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â improves their ability to write paragraphs.