Publication Ethics and Statement of Publication Malpractice (Based on Elsevier's recommendation and COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
Publishing articles in peer-reviewed journals published by the Department of Geography Education, Manado State University, increase knowledge. This is a direct reflection of the quality of the authors' work and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles help and embody the scientific method. Therefore, it is important to agree on standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: authors, journal editors, peer reviewers, publishers, and community-owned or sponsored journals.
The Department of Geography Education, Manado State University, takes the duty of safeguarding all stages of publishing very seriously, and we are aware of our ethical and other responsibilities.
We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint, or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. In addition, the Editorial Board will assist with communication with other journals and publishers that is useful to the editor.

Author's
Reporting Standard
Authors of the original research report must present an accurate account of the work done as well as an objective discussion of its significance. The underlying data must be accurately represented on paper. A paper must contain sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. Deceptive or intentionally inaccurate statements are unethical and unacceptable behavior. Professionally published reviews and articles must also be accurate and objective, and editorial 'opinion' works must be identified.

Data Access and Retention
Authors may be required to provide raw data concerning a paper for editorial review and should be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism
Authors must ensure that they have written a completely original work, and if the author has used the work and/or words of others, this has been properly cited or cited. Plagiarism takes many forms, from 'skipping' other people's papers as the authors' papers, to copying or paraphrasing large portions of other people's articles (without attribution), to claiming results from research done by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publications
An author may not generally publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one major journal or publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author may not offer a previously published paper for consideration in another journal.

Source Acknowledgment
Proper acknowledgment of the work of others should always be given. Authors should cite publications that were influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained personally, such as in conversations, correspondence, or discussions with third parties, may not be used or reported without the explicit written permission of the source. Information obtained during confidential services, such as reference manuscripts or grant applications, may not be used without the express written consent of the authors of the works involved in these services.

Paper Writing
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, conduct, or interpretation of the reported study. All persons who have made significant contributions must be listed as co-authors. Others have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, and they must be recognized or listed as contributors. Relevant authors must ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have approved its submission for publication.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects
If the work involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment that have unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must identify these in the manuscript. If the work consists of the use of animal or human subjects, the author must ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that relevant laws and institutional guidelines carried out all procedures and that the appropriate institutional committee has approved them. Authors must include a comment in the manuscript that consent was obtained for experiments with human subjects. The right to privacy of human subjects must always be considered.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
All authors must disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project must be disclosed. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that must be disclosed include employment, consulting, shareholding, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed as early as possible.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works
When an author discovers significant errors or inaccuracies in his published work, the author must immediately notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains significant errors, the author must immediately retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the veracity of the original paper.

Editor's
Publication Decision
Peer-reviewed journal editors are responsible for deciding which articles submitted to journals should be published, often in collaboration with the relevant community (for community-owned or sponsored journals). The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers should always drive such decisions. Editors may be guided by the discretion of the journal's editorial board and limited by applicable legal requirements regarding defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers (or public officials) in making this decision.

Fair Play
An editor must evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content regardless of the author's race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, nationality, or political philosophy.

Confidentiality
Editors and any editorial staff may not disclose any information about submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the respective authors, reviewers, prospective reviewers, other editorial advisors, and publishers, as appropriate.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
Unpublished material disclosed in a submitted manuscript may not be used in the editor's research without the written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal gain. Editors must withdraw (i.e. must request co-editors, associate editors, or other editorial board members to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest due to competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) the institution related to the paper. Editors must require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if interests compete.