Indonesian Biodiversity Journal (ISSN: 2722-2659) is an open access journal published by Universitas Negeri Manado. Published articles are original research relevant to the field of biology, and reviewed by two reviewers in a blind review. Indonesian Biodiversity Journal, abbreviated as IBJ, publishes research from all fields of biological science, such as biodiversity, ecology, physiology, behavior, molecular biology, biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals. All forms of life, from microbes, viruses, fungi, plants, animals, to humans, are covered in the Indonesian Biodiversity Journal (IBJ). Our Editorial Board members are international and national researchers actively researching in the field of biological sciences, ensuring an efficient, fair and constructive peer review process. The Indonesian Biodiversity Journal is published every 4 months (April, August and December). This journal has been accredited by Sinta 5.
Anticancer Activity Of Apis Dorsata Binghami Nest Extract From West Uluway Tana Toraja District
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world with a high prevalence in Indonesia especially breast cancer Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have various limitations including severe side effects and cancer cell resistance This study aims to explore the anticancer potential of the ethanol extract of Apis dorsata < em>Binghami nests originating from Uluway Barat Village Tana Toraja Regency Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96 ethanol solvent with a yield of 51 42 and bioactive compounds were identified through GC MS analysis Anticancer activity tests were carried out in vitro < em>on MCF 7 breast cancer cells using the resazurin assay method < em> The results showed that the extract contained various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids furanones and aromatic aldehydes which are known to have antioxidant and anticancer activities The IC50 value obtained < sub>was 434 30 g mL indicating weak cytotoxic activity Nevertheless this extract showed significant ability to kill cancer cells at certain concentrations especially 15 63 g mL which reduced cell viability by 44 39 These results indicate that A dorsata < em>Binghami nests contain compounds that have the potential as natural anticancer agents but require further research for fractionation and identification of more specific active compounds and further testing in vivo < em>< p>
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WHITE RAT HAIR GROWTH ACTIVITY TEST COMBINATION CELERY LEAVES Apium graveolens L AND RAJA BANANA PEEL Musa acuminate L
Celery leaves and Raja banana peel contain flavonoids that can stimulate the hair growth process This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of ethanol extracts of celery leaves and raja banana peel on the hair growth This type of research is a laboratory experimental study using test animals that are randomly grouped and given combination extract topically group I 7 5 : 6 25 group II 7 5 : 12 5 group III 7 5 : 25 group IV normal control and group V positive control hair tonic 2 minoxidil The results of hair weight in this study showed that the group given a combination of extracts was able to affect the growth of rat hair Data on the 21st day was analyzed using the one way ANOVA statistical test obtained a value of p lt; 0 01 which means there is a significant difference in the average hair growth of rats treated then continued with the LSD post hoc test showed treatment II significantly different p lt; 0 001 with all treatments It can be concluded that the treatment group given a combination of extracts can affect the hair growth of rats < p>
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINED IN ANGELS S TRUMPET FLOWER EXTRACT Brugmansia suaveolens
Indonesia is a highly biodiverse country second only to Brazil This gives Indonesia enormous potential in ethnopharmacology Previous studies have shown that the leaves of the Brugmansia suaveolens plant also known as Angel trumpet have high antioxidant activity The aim of this study is to test the antioxidant activity of B suaveolens flowers and conduct quantitative screening to determine which compounds play the greatest role in their antioxidant activity This research used the DPPH test and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry GC MS screening Ascorbic acid was used as the comparator in this study Before the DPPH and GC MS testing the samples were extracted using the cold maceration technique with a 95 ethanol solvent Then the samples were concentrated using a rotary evaporator The IC< span> < span> value of the ethanol extract of B suaveolens flowers is 196 16 g mL while the IC< span> < span> value of ascorbic acid the comparator is 3 814 g mL This result shows that the ethanol extract of B suaveolens flowers has moderate antioxidant activity Screening bioactive compounds with GC MS showed that Hexadecenoic acid and Octadecanoic acid play the biggest role in antioxidant activity However the compound with the highest content in the ethanol extract of B suaveolens flowers is scopolamine < span>< p>
Analysis Of The Potential Of Natural Sterol Compounds From Tin Ficus carica Leaves as Anti Hypercholesterolemia with In Silico Tests
This study aims to determine the potential of natural sterol compounds from Tin Ficus carica< em> leaves as anticholesterolemic using in silico test This study employed an in silico approach using molecular docking methods to evaluate the potential of sterol compounds as anti hypercholesterolemic agents in comparison to other references compounds Data processing and interpretation were conducted using molecular databases for both ligands and target proteins The analysis utilized several computational tools including PyRx 0 8 PyMOL LigPlus and Discovery Studio 2016 Client The compounds used in this research were sterol fluvastatin and simvastatin as control with HMG CoA reductase as the target protein The results showed that the highest binding affinity value was fluvastatin which is 8 3 kcal mol Sterol compounds are compounds with lower binding affinity which is 7 7 kcal mol From the visualization results it is known that the binding distance between sterol compounds with target proteins HMG CoA reductase is between 2 69 to 5 49 and the binding distance between simvastatin compounds with target proteins HMG CoA reductase is between 2 76 to 5 36 and the binding distance between fluvastatin compounds with target proteins HMG CoA reductase is between 1 95 to 5 26 Armstrong While based on the comparison of the binding side of strerol simvastatin and fluvastatin it is known that the three compounds have the same site because they bind to the same amino acid residues namely ARG B: 515 TYR A: 533 TYR B: 533 TYR B: 517 PRO A: 511 The results of this research indicate that the natural sterol compounds found in Tin Ficus carica< em> leaves have potential as anti hypercholesterolemic agents based on reverse docking analysis These sterol compounds bind to the same active site as the control drugs simvastatin and fluvastatin and exhibit comparable binding affinity values< p>
GROWTH ACTIVITY TEST OF WHITE RAT HAIR COMBINATION OF CELERY Apium Graveolens LEAF EXTRACT AND GREEN GEDI Abelmoschus Manihot LEAF
Celery and Green Gedi leaves have been long considered traditional topical supplements to support hair growth They contain flavanoids that are efficacious to induce keratinocyte proliferation However the research about whether the combination of celery and green gedi leaves can still provide an effect is limited This current study aims to determine the effect of the combination of ethanol extracts of celery leaves and green gedi leaves on white rat hair growth This is laboratory experimental research to compare the hair growth in three different groups with normal and positive control Animals were randomly grouped n=3 for each group and then given a combination of leaf extracts and carbopol with a concentration of 17 5 :10 ; 27 5 :15 ;37 5 :20 A normal control group was left untreated while another group was treated with 2 minoxidil as positive control The results of measuring fur weight on day 21 showed that the treatment group given the combination of extracts did affect the growth of rat hair Statistical tests using one way ANOVA showed a p value of lt;0 001 which means there is a significant difference in the average hair weight of rats treated LSD post hoc test showed that treatment with a 17 5 :10 concentration ratio was significantly different from the other treatments It can be concluded that the combination of celery leaf extract and gedi leaf positively affects rat hair growth < p>
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Biodiversity Journal
IDENTIFICATION OF MACROALGAE IN THE COASTAL AREA OF BUDO TOURISM VILLAGE WORI NORTH MINAHASA
Algae are lower plants that do not have differentiated structures such as roots stems and leaves; although they may appear to have differences they are actually just thallus forms Macroalgae have macroscopic body shape and size consisting of fronds without distinct roots stems and leaves Macroalgal diversity is not only reflected in their ecological and economic significance but also in their high species richness and wide geographical distribution within aquatic ecosystems However research on the species diversity of macroalgae in Budo Tourism Village Beach North Minahasa remains limited This study aims to identify the macroalgal species in the Budo Tourism Village Wori North Minahasa area The research employed the line transect and quadrat based sampling method which was implemented at two distinct station locations: Station I rocky reef substrate and Station II sandy muddy substrate Macroalgae identification was facilitated by utilizing the comprehensive identification textbooks The research reveals the presence of four macroalgal species comprising three brown algae Phaeophyceae namely Padina boergesenii< em> Sargassum llinearifolium< em> Turbinaria ornata< em> and one red algae Rhodophyceae Gracilaria corticata< em> Sargassum linearifolium< em> Padina boergesenii< em> and Gracilaria corticata< em> was found in rocky reef substrate Turbinaria ornate< em> and Padina boergesenii< em> was found in sandy muddy substrate < p>
Antibacterial Activity Of Sago Caterpillar Oil Rhynchoporus bilineatus L From Minahasa Against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus
Sago caterpillars are ethnomedically used as food and medicine by the people of several tribes in Indonesia Sago caterpillar oil contains active compounds especially fatty acids that have antibacterial potential Research has been carried out which aims to obtain the bioactive content of sago worm oil and the antibacterial activity of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Sago caterpillars are obtained from the Minahasa region Four to six instar sago caterpillars are used for oil isolation Analysis of the content of sago worm oil using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry method Meanwhile the antibacterial test used the agar diffusion method using pure cultures of Salmonella thypii< em> and Staphylococcus aureus< em> The results showed that the average sago caterpillar oil was 0 26 to 0 28 ml per head The results of the antibacterial test showed the highest inhibition of S aureus at a concentration of 1000 mg L namely 8 04 mm while the inhibition of growth of S thypii was highest at a concentration of 1000 mg L namely 7 69 mm Sago caterpillar oil has antibacterial potential < p>
Analysis of Weed Vegetation on Paddy Rice Oryza sativa Plant in Koya Village South Tondano District
Paddy Rice Oryza sativa< em> is the main food commodity in Indonesia because most of the Indonesian population s staple food is Paddy Rice Demand for Paddy Rice continues to increase from time to time along with population growth The aim of this research is to determine the types and control of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants Oryza sativa< em> This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a survey method directly observing weeds in the Paddy Rice planting area in Koya village South Tondano subdistrict The results of research on the density dominance and frequency of weed types in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village South Tondano District show that there are 4 types of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village namely Panicum repens Fimbristylis litotoralis Cyperus rotundus< em> and Pistia stratiotes< em> P repens is a grass weed F litoralis and C rotundus are a weed and P stratiotes is a broadleaf weed The type that has the highest relative density KR is P repens namely 3 33 followed by F litoratlis namely 26 67 and the lowest is C rotundus and P stratiotes namely 20 0 Relative Dominance Value The highest DR was found in the weed type P stratiotes namely 51 56 then followed by C rotundus namely 19 27 F litoralis namely 15 10 and the lowest P repens namely 14 06 The highest relative frequency FR was in P repens and C rotundus namely 33 33 followed by F litoralis namely 22 22 and the lowest was P stratiotes namely 11 11 Based on the research results it can be concluded that there are 4 types of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village South Tondano District with the highest weed dominance index value namely P stratiotes namely 27 55787; Weed control can be done chemically biologically mechanically and physically < p>
IDENTIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SP ON FRIED SNACKS SOLD ON THE UNIMA CAMPUS ENVIRONMENT
This study aims to explain how bacterial contamination and the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella< em> sp on fried bananas sold in the UNIMA campus environment This exploration used clear qualitative subjective observation with the TPC strategy for all total bacterial contamination and involved specific media for Escherichia coli and Salmonella< em> sp From the results of the review it was found that 1 out of 3 experimental examples of complete bacterial contamination exceeded the threshold set by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia BPOM RI in 2016 with the most extreme obstacle being the number of microorganisms in food being 10 4 colonies g Of the 3 samples tried all samples were identified with Escherichia coli and Salmonella< em> sp Based on the research conducted it can be concluded that of all the observed fried samples all detected bacterial colonies< p>
TESTING FOR BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION ON CHICKEN Gallus gallus domesticus IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET OF SOUTH LANGOWAN DISTRICT
Chicken meat Gallus gallus domesticus< em> plays an important role in society with its role as one of the sources of fulfillment of animal protein in Indonesia With the high consumption of chicken meat by the public the hygiene and safety of chicken meat must be ensured so as not to incur losses to the people This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination based on the testing of Total Plate Counts Coliform Escherichia coli< em> and Salmonella< em> sp Meet the requirement of the Indonesian National Standard on chicken meat in the traditional market of Langowan Selatan District The method used in this research is a descriptive method to analyze and describe the results of the study the testing using several indicators to directly conclude bacterial contamination The results of the total plate count bacterial contamination test of the colonies TPC in sample 1 = 29 1x kol sample 2 = 29 4x kol sample 3 = 27 7x kol MPN of Coliform and Escherichia coli< em> results obtained in samples S1 S2 and S3 are 11x kol gr The results of microbact Salmonella< em> sp In samples S1 are positive and S2 and S3 are negative Based on observations it is suspected that contamination occurs because sellers use equipment that is less sterile and there is no cover or barrier so the chicken meat is in direct contact with the air and customer It is concluded that based on bacterial testing indicators chicken meat in the traditional market of Langowan Selatan District has exceeded the limit of SNI 7388 2009 and is contaminated < p>
CHARACTERIZATION OF SAPROPHAGE INSECTS FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY INDICATORS USING LOCAL PIGS
Forensic entomology is the science of insects which is used to analyze cases related to forensics namely death This is based on the close relationship between humans and insects who live side by side Insects can be a factor in determining the Postmortem Interval PMI so that it is useful in the forensic investigation process Medicolegal insects are insects that are used as evidence in death cases This research aims to obtain the diversity of insect species the morphological characteristics of insects the characteristics of insects in experimental pigs that died from hanging poisoning and stabbing and based on the stage of decomposition The results of this research examine temperature soil pH air humidity and the decomposition process of local pigs The results of research on the decomposition stage in 3 deaths hanging stabbing and poisoning showed differences in the time of death where the hanging carcass decomposed more quickly than the stabbed and poisoned carcass In the decomposition stage the first insect encountered is the order Diptera where these insects damage internal organs such as the brain and liver and also damage body cells The temperature results of local pig carcasses placed outdoors ranged from 32 2 34 50< sup>C while indoor carcass temperatures ranged from 26 77 33 43 0< sup>C The degree of acidity pH of carcasses placed outdoors ranges from 5 13 8 53 while indoor carcasses ranges from 6 0 7 77 The environmental temperature of animal bodies placed outdoors ranges from 26 35 39 740< sup>C while humidity ranges from 57 79 86 10 The temperature of animal bodies in the room ranges from 27 54 31 520< sup>C while humidity ranges from 71 50 85 37 < p>
ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST VEGETATION ON MOLAS BEACH BUNAKEN DISTRICT MANADO CITY
The lack of scientific information about the current condition of the mangrove ecosystem on the Molas beach in the Bunaken District of Manado City is an important reason to conduct a study related to the analysis of mangrove forest vegetation The purpose of this research is to identify the types of mangroves and to find the Important Value Index INP of mangroves on the Molas beach in the Bunaken District of Manado City Data collection was conducted using the line transect method with plots at only one observation station which was then analyzed to determine the Importance Value Index INP Based on the observations it was found that four types of mangroves were present at the research location The dominant mangrove species are Bruguiera Cylindrica Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Aegiceras cosniculatum< em> and Ceriops tagal< em> The substrate condition which is dominated by muddy sand and the water quality parameters that affect mangrove growth generally still meet the standards for mangrove growth The species Ceriops tagal< em> has the highest values of Relative Density Relative Frequency and Relative Dominance resulting in the highest INP Meanwhile the lowest INP was found in the species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza< em> in the tree category< p>
APPLICATION OF Eco Enzyme CONVERSION RESULTS INTO DISHWASHER SOAP
The application of the conversion results from Eco Enzyme< em> into dishwashing soap the fermentation process lasts for one months where the resulting liquid is dark brown in color and has a very strong sweet and sour fermented aroma There is a lack of public knowledge about the very profitable benefits of Eco Enzyme< em> such as as a multi purpose cleaner as a multi functional liquid which can be converted one of the ways into dishwashing soap This research aims to determine the application of the results of converting Eco Enzyme< em> into dishwashing soap This research used experimental methods and a research period of 3 months This Eco Enzyme< em> is made with a ratio of organic ingredients: sugar: water 3:1:10 The Eco Enzyme harvest is converted into dishwashing soap by adding lerak and Methyl Ester Sulfonate < em> MES Eco Enzyme< em> conversion soap was then applied to several treatment groups: plastic plates cans and glass The results of the application show that the dishes washed with Eco Enzyme< em> using lerak have not completely removed dirt oil and odors in each treatment whereas Eco Enzyme< em> using Methyl Ester Sulfonate < em> MES when compared with Sunlight brand liquid soap sold on the market shows that there are similarities both in terms of cleanliness tapestry and smell The research conclusion is that the application of the Eco Enzyme< em> conversion results has significant potential to be developed into an active ingredient for environmentally friendly dishwashing soap < p>
THE EFFECT OF RICE HUSK CHARCOAL ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF WHITE CHILI CAYEY Capsicum frutescens L
The aim of this research is: to determine and analyze the effect of giving rice husk charcoal on the growth and production of white cayenne pepper plants Capsicum frutescens L The method used in this research is the experimental method with a completely randomized design RAL approach This shows that rice husk charcoal and planting media have different average values for plant height number of leaves number of branches number of fruit and weight of white cayenne pepper At the 12th week of observation the M2ASP2 treatment had the highest value compared to other treatments namely124 65 31 73cm Meanwhile treatment M1 ASP 0has the lowest value namely79 23 21 9cm < p> < div> < div> < div> < div>
Growth of White Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L).
The Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Extract Pandanus conoideus L From Nabire Papua
Red fruit Pandanus conoideus Lam is a native Papuan plant which has been used by indigenous Papuan people as a medicinal plant Papuan people believe that red fruit has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity This research aims to obtain antioxidant activity namely reducing DPPH free radicals from Papuan red fruit ethanol extract Samples of red fruit obtained from Nabire Papua After determination the red fruit is extracted using the maceration method The ethanol extract of red fruit was then used for the DPPH antioxidant test method The results showed that the ethanol extract of red fruit contains phenolic compounds: flavonoids tannins; and steroids in high intensity Ethanol extract of red fruit has very strong antioxidant activity 46 99 ppm; R2< sup>=0 99 Ethanol extract of Papuan red fruit has potential as a source of bioactive natural antioxidants < p>
Local Knowledge on Towards The Conservation of Macaca nigra in KPHK Tangkoko North Sulawesi
The Yaki monkey Macaca nigra is a critically endangered endemic species of North Sulawesi and is listed in Appendix II of CITES as well as in situ conservation at the Tangkoko Conservation Forest Management Union KPHK Tangkoko The public s knowledge of the conservation of M nigra is a key factor inining the sustainability of this species The aim of this research is to find out the level of public awareness about conservation of M nigra This research uses descriptive methods Data collection is done with a questionnaire with scored using the Guttman scale The results of this study show that the majority of the level of knowledge in the community in the buffer zone KPHK Tangkoko belongs to a level of good sufficient and insufficient to the conservation status of m nigra Respondents who have good knowledge are all respondents in the Batu Putih Bawah villages and Duasudara villages While the majority of the population in the Kasawari villages 63 and the Pinangunian villages 68 have sufficient knowledge about the conservation status of the M nigra while almost half of the Kasawari villages 37 and Pinangunian villages 32 have insufficient knowledge < p>
Analysis of Dominant Number Values Weed Population in Paddy Rice Cultivation Oryza sativa L in Koya Village Minahasa North Sulawesi
Paddy rice is the main food crop in Indonesia because rice is the primary food source of the Indonesian people However it faces obstacles caused among others by the presence of nuisance plants namely weeds that can reduce the quantity and quality of harvest or production This study examines the value of the dominant Number of weed populations in rice field cultivation The research method used was weed observation with analysis of the chief number value using the square of a sample plot measuring 50 cm x 50 cm randomly placed on the experimental land The dominant number value analysis was carried out four times at the beginning of the study as an initial vegetation analysis 21 DAP observations 45 DAP observations and 60 DAP observations The results showed that the weed species with the highest Dominant Number Value at initial words in paddy fields were Paspalum disticum Fibristylis litoralis Marsilea crenata Cyperus iria < em>and Ludwigia octovalvis< em>; weed species with the highest Dominant Number Value at 21 DAP observations were P disticum Echinochloa crusgalli F litoralis M crenata < em>and Leersia hexandra< em>; The weed species with the highest Dominant Number Value at 45 DAP observations were P disticum F litoralis C iria E crusgalli < em>and Leersia hexandra< em> and the weed species with the highest Dominant Number Values at 60 DAP observations were E crusgalli P disticum F litoralis Scirpus juncoides < em> and S juncoides< em>< p>
Growth and Yield of Lettuce Plants Lactuca sativa L with Alternative Nutrition to Subtitute AB Mix in Hydroponic Systems
The hydroponic system is modern agricultural cultivation with various planting media as a substitute for soil so hydroponics is an agricultural activity that is carried out by using water as a medium for distributing nutrients This research aims to determine the effect of alternative nutrition to substitute AB mix on the growth and yield of hydroponic lettuce Lactuca sativa L The research method was an experiment in a completely randomized design CRD using 5treatments with 4 repetitions namely P0 control with ABmix nutrition of 700 800 ppm P1 800 900 alternative nutrients P2 900 1000 ppm alternative nutrients P3 1000 1100 alternative nutrients P4 1000 1200 alternative nutrients were analyzed by one way ANOVA analysis with a significance level of 0 05 Parameters observed were plant height number of leaves root length leaf width and fresh weight The results showed that providing alternative nutrition significantly affected plant height leaf width and fresh weight of lettuce Lactuca sativa L With the best treatment of 900 1000 ppm with plant height 35 41 cm number of leaves 15 17 leaf width 17 18 cm and plant wet weight 120 209 grams the lowest yield was in treatment P0 with plant height 30 33 cm the number of leaves is 15 16 and the wet weight of the plant is 117 146 grams< p>
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MARIDAN VILLAGE PANAJM PASER UTARA DISTRICT EAST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA
Medicinal plants are generally very beneficial for treating various diseases or health problems Knowledge about the use of medicinal plants is passed down orally from generation to generation This research aims to determine the contribution of local knowledge about traditional medicinal plants in Maridan Village to treating certain diseases and the practice of using medicinal plants in Maridan Village The results can provide information about the traditional medicinal uses of various local plants Apart from that it is also to increase public awareness to protect local biodiversity The research results showed that the people of Maridan Village Sepaku District North Penajam Paser Regency used 38 types of medicinal plants from 28 families The part of the plant that is often used is the leaves; the processing that is often used is by boiling and the method that is most often used is by drinking < p>
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Biodiversity Journal
DIVERSITY OF THE ORDER HYMENOPTERA IN RICE PLANTATION IN MANEMBO NEMBO DISTRICT AS AN ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR
This research aims to determine habitat conditions as an ecological indicator and measure the level of diversity of insects of the order Hymenoptera on rice plantations in the Manembo nembo sub district The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive Insect samples were collected using the sweeping net and yellow pan trap methods The Shannon Wiener diversity index formula Pielou s similarity index E and Simpson dominance index C are used to measure the level of diversity The results of research on rice plantations found insects of the Hymenoptera order as many as 35 genera 16 subfamilies and 14 families with a total of 470 individuals with normal habitat conditions where Hymenoptera insects can still carry out activities on rice plantations Wasp insects from 24 genera also have functions as biological control agents most of which are parasitoid and predatory wasps which have potential as ecological indicators in rice plantations in the Manembo nembo sub district The level of diversity is included in the medium criteria as is the evenness index value In contrast the dominance index is included in the low criteria even though the Pimplinae family dominates rice cultivation in the Manembo nembo sub district < p> < p>
Analysis of Clean Water Quality in Kolongan Village Talawaan District
Kolongan Village is one of the villages in Talawaan district of North Minahasa North Sulawesi In the village of Kolongan some springs are potentially a clean water source for the people of the village This research aims to analyze the quality of the springs in the village of Kolongan Talawaan Prefectures as a water source This type of research is quantitative and the method used in this research is the Indonesian National Standard SNI according to the water quality parameters that have been established with the direct observation plan of the physical properties of water and with the laboratory testing plan for the observation of water chemical and biological properties with indicators of iron sensitivity manganese E coli< em> taste and smell The research was conducted from July 24 2021 to September 20 2021 The water quality measurement results in the spring in one village of Kolongan showed iron lt;0 0086 mg L iron 69 93 mg L manganese 0 03 0 07 mg L E coli< em> 11 CFU not sensitive and odorless Water source 2 showed iron lt;0 086 mg l density 75 85 mg l manganese 0 02 0 03 mg l and E coli< em> 3 6 9 2 CFU is not sensible and odorless The pollution index calculation indicates that the springs in Kolongan Village belong well However because they still contain biological reservoirs it is necessary to have an advanced process for them to be consumed by the community < p>
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Red Dragon Fruit Hylocereus polyrhicus as Exopolysaccharide Producers
Cherry tomatoes are a type of Red Dragon Fruit that has various benefits including lowering cholesterol levels preventing colon cancer and strengthening the working power of muscles Isolation of LAB isolated from Dragon Fruit as a production material for EPS This study aims to isolate and identify LAB as a producer of EPS from red dragon fruit Hylocereus polyrhiruz< em> which can produce exopolysaccharides This research uses a descriptive research method Data from experimental research in the laboratory obtained 10 LAB isolates namely isolates NG1 NG2 NG3 NG4 NG5 NG6 NG7 NG8 NG9 and NG10 Based on the identification results isolate NG1 has similarities with the genus Lactococcus spherical gram positive nonmotile non spore While isolates NG2 NG3 NG4 NG5 NG6 NG7 NG8 NG9 and NG10 have similarities with the genus Lactobacillus rod form nonmotile gram positive Based on the morphological characteristics which are gram positive catalase negative and non spore The ten isolates of lactic acid bacteria are capable of producing EPS these are the results of EPS acquisition namely: NG1 152 1 mg L NG2 127 9 mg L NG3 134 6 mg L NG4 130 9 mg L NG5 137 mg L NG6 139 2 mg L NG7 204 9 mg L NG8 156 2 mg L NG9 136 4 mg L and NG10 157 3 mg L The highest amount of EPS was isolated NG7 at 204 9 mg L Meanwhile the lowest EPS was isolated NG4 at 130 9 mg L < p>
MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SEA CUCUMBER AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE HABITAT SUBSTRATE OF MUDY SEA CUCUMBER ON MOLOSING ISLAND AND BIAU BEACH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY
Sea Cucumbers belong to the phylum Echinodermata class Holothuroidea These creatures are commonly found in areas near coral reefs sandy waters seaweed seagrass beds and muddy sands This research aims to identify the various species of Sea Cucumbers in the waters around Molosing Island and Biau Beach Bolaang Mongondow Regency Furthermore the research seeks to determine the nutritional content of the muddy substrate where Sea Cucumbers reside The study involves observing the form colour and patterns morphology of Sea Cucumbers and testing the nutritional content of their muddy habitat substrate using proximate analysis with the SNI by difference method The identification results of the form colour and patterns of Sea Cucumbers at Molosing Island and Biau Beach Bolaang Mongondow Regency reveal three species of Sea Cucumbers from different genera: Holothuturia and Stichopus One species on Molosing Island is Holothuria leucospilota< em> while two on Biau Beach are Stichopus horrens< em> and Stichopus vastus< em> Proximate analysis of the muddy habitat substrate of Sea Cucumbers includes the following parameters: ash content protein content crude fiber content and fat content < p>
BIOATCTIVITY OF PHLORETIN FROM Syzgium polyanthum WIGHT WALP AS A GOUTY ARTHRITIS TREATMENT BASED ON SCREENING IN SILICO
Gouty Arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate in the joints due to hyperuricemia which causes painful inflammation Syzgium polyanthum< em> Wight Walp is a plant that grows in Indonesia and has been used as a traditional medicine It is used to treat various diseases especially excessive production of uric acid It is thought to contain phloretin compounds which can reduce the amount of uric acid The purpose of this study was observed the biological activity of the natural products phloretin as an antihyperuricemia Bioinformatic applications used in this study include the Pubchem compound database protein target data base Pharmmapper and Swiss Target Prediction molecular docking software PyRx 0 8 software for 3D visualization and analysis of docking ligands and binding sites PyMOL and BIOVIA Disvovery Studo Client 2016 The results of docking and binding site analysis showed that phloretin was able to interact with cyclin dependent kinase 2 target protein with a binding affinity of 6 kcal mol more negatively than allopurinol with a binding affinity of 5 7 at different binding sites Phloretin is a potential compound that can be used in the treatment of gouthy arthritis as an anti inflammatory by inhibiting CDK2 activity < p>
EFFECT OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM MARKET WASTE AND RICE WASHING WATER ON THE GROWTH OF LAND KANGKUNG Ipomoea raptans
Some of Indonesia s agricultural countries produce many types of vegetables; for example mustard greens cabbage spinach kale and so on are usually cultivated in Indonesia Market waste and rice washing water can make liquid organic fertilizer POC This research was structured to know the effect of rice washing water on land kangkung plants growth and the concentration required in one planting period The research location is Maesa Unima housing Tondano District Minahasa Regency North Sulawesi Province This study uses quantitative methods with the implementation of experiments Using the RAL technique or Completely Randomized Design totaling four treatments and each repeated seven times With liquid organic fertilizer POC using four treatments namely: P0: Control Using plain water P1: POC with a concentration of 15 P2: POC with a concentration of 30 and P3: POC with a concentration of 45 and the parameters measured were the growth of water spinach plants namely: land kale plant height number of land kale plants and leaf length on land kale plants The results showed that rice washing water affected the growth of kale plants namely plant height number of leaves and leaf length and the required concentration was 45 The research is due to the large amount of organic and household waste in the market which can pollute the environment if not utilized< p> < div> < div> < div> < div>
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN POTATO PLANTS IN MOAT DISTRICT EAST BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY INDONESIA
The use of pesticides on highland vegetable crops by farmers is considered highly intensive This is primarily due to favorable climatic conditions for developing plant pests and diseases Pesticides are toxic bioactive chemical substances at concentrations gt; 0 5 ppm Each of these poisons carries risks to the environment and humans in their use Pesticide residues are specific substances found in agricultural food crops or animal feed either as a direct or indirect result of pesticide use This research aims to determine the presence of pesticide residues in potatoes cultivated by the community of Moat Subdistrict East Bolaang Mongondow Regency This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with laboratory experimentation Representative samples were taken from ten potato plantations in Moat Subdistrict East Bolaang Mongondow villages They were then analyzed at the Laboratory of Plant Protection and Quality Testing Based on the research findings the researchers concluded that six locations of potato tubers in 10 villages in Moat Subdistrict East Bolaang Mongondow Regency did not contain pesticides In comparison the remaining four locations showed pesticide content < p>
Beauveria bassiana FUNGUS AS A BIOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF Bactrocera carambolae ON CHILI PLANTS
Chili plants are an important horticultural crop for the Indonesian population Still in the context of pest control the use of insecticides to manage the OPT is proving to be increasingly problematic for the environment and human health as a result of their ability to decimate microscopic organisms present in the soil so that as decomposers or decomposer microorganisms and earthworms perish the soil would ultimately become more barren Therefore it needs to be overcome by finding other alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and reduce the negative impact of pesticides This study aimed to determine an environmentally friendly alternative biological control using the Beauveria bassiana fungus This study used an experimental method with five treatments and three replicates notably spore concentration using B bassiana 6g 7g 8g 9g and control The use of this fungus is simple and does not incur significant costs From the results of data collection the Beauveria bassiana fungus is effective in killing carambolae with a fast mortality rate at a concentration of 9 g 500 ml of water 86 7 and the slowest concentration is at 6 g 500 ml of water 63 4 < p> < div> < div> < div> < div>
POTENTIAL ANTI INSECT LIME EXTRACT OF MINT LEAF Mentha piperita L AND EXTRACT SOKA FLOWER Ixora paludosa L ON RED FIRE ANT Solenopsis invicta ACTIVITY
The mint plant Mentha piperita< em> L is one of the many aromatic herbal plants that produce essential oil commonly known as peppermint oil Meanwhile the soka flower plant Ixora paludosa< em> L is an ornamental plant that fills the planting elements with fast growth and beautiful vigorous plants This study aimed to assess the effect of lime insecticides combined with mint leaf extract Mentha piperita< em> L and soka flower extract Ixora Paludosa< em> L on red fire ants Solenopsis invicta < em> This study used four red fire ant samples Solenopsis invicta which were divided into five treatment groups: X1 75 mint leaf extract and 25 soka flower extract ; X2 75 soka flower extract and 25 mint leaf extract ; X3 50 soka flower extract and 50 mint leaf extract ; Negative control lime base ; and Positive control branded lime The sample size for this study was 80 red fire ants Solenopsis invicta< em> with each control group consisting of four fire ants and the experiment was repeated four times The Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the data revealing significant differences between the treatment groups Therefore the researchers concluded that the administration of 50 mint leaf extract and 50 soka flower extract effectively disrupted the activity of red fire ants< p>
Lime Insect, Red Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta), Mint Leaf Extract, Soka Flower
INVENTARISATION OF ORCHID TYPES Orchidaceae IN WEST TOMOHON AREA
This study aims to inventory orchid species in the West Tomohon area using the accidental sampling method of exploration in a predetermined place Orchids are a type of flowering plant that comes from the Orchidaceae family Each type of orchid has its own characteristics Tomohon City has abundant natural resources including ornamental plants such as orchids Data on orchid diversity in West Tomohon Sub district has never been reported Orchid inventory is an activity that records the diversity of orchid species in an area This research is descriptive qualitative research The results of this study have yielded 10 species of orchids belonging to nine genera in one family The orchid species found in the West Tomohon area consist of Arachnis sp Arundina graminifolia Cattleya sp Dendrobium biggibum Dendrobium moschatum Epidendrum secundum Oncidium flexuosum Phaius tankervilleae Phalaenopsis amabilis and Vanda arcuata < em>The most common orchid found in this area is the moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis < em>< p>
ECHINODERM COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN TAMBA BEACH NORTH MINAHASA REGENCY NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Tamba Beach has several ecosystems namely seagrass beds sandy and rocky Ecologically seagrass beds are home to marine life including Echinodermata Echinoderms play an important role as an integral part of the food chain eating organic waste The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure of Echinoderms at Station I Seagrass Zone Station II Sandy Zone and Station III Coral Zone Two methods are used in this study The first is a qualitative description method by directly observing and quantitatively calculating the diversity index uniformity index dominance and abundance index formulas The echinoderms found consisted of 4 classes namely Holothuidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea and class Asteroidea The echinoderms found at the study site used a diversity index classified as stable The dominance index is low because there are no dominant individuals and the uniformity index is low From the results obtained from the abundance in Tamba Beach the highest value was in the Diadema setosum species with 113 individuals Diadema setosum has the highest quantity at the three existing stations This species can adapt to environmental changes < p> < p>