Perancangan Sistem Otomasi Penyiraman Pestisida Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik Berbasis IoT
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Abstract
Abstrak— Penggunaan pestisida secara manual pada tanaman hortikultura seperti kubis sering menimbulkan masalah efisiensi waktu, ketidakakuratan penyemprotan, serta risiko kesehatan bagi petani. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT), diperlukan inovasi sistem semprot otomatis yang mampu meningkatkan efektivitas penyemprotan dan mengurangi paparan bahan kimia secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan alat penyemprotan pestisida otomatis berbasis IoT menggunakan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 dan mikrokontroler NodeMCU ESP8266 yang terintegrasi dengan aplikasi Blynk sebagai kontrol jarak jauh. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan rekayasa eksperimental, meliputi perancangan sistem, perakitan komponen, dan pengujian kinerja sensor, relay, pompa, serta komunikasi data. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor HC-SR04 memiliki akurasi tinggi dengan deviasi rata-rata ±0,18 cm, pompa bekerja optimal dalam rentang jarak 10–20 cm, dan aplikasi Blynk mampu memberikan kontrol responsif dengan waktu tunda kurang dari 1 detik. Evaluasi oleh ahli menunjukkan tingkat kelayakan sistem sebesar 92%. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sistem penyemprotan pestisida otomatis berbasis IoT dapat berfungsi efektif dan fleksibel untuk mendukung pertanian presisi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah potensi penerapan teknologi serupa dalam skala yang lebih luas guna meningkatkan produktivitas dan keamanan pertanian di era digital.
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