Pengaruh Penggunaan Smartphone terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK
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Abstrak— Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan smartphone terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Dasar Listrik dan Elektronika di SMK Negeri 3 Tondano, dengan mempertimbangkan peran kontrol diri serta kategori penggunaan (akademik vs non-akademik). Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada fenomena meluasnya penggunaan smartphone di kalangan siswa SMK yang di satu sisi mendukung pembelajaran, namun di sisi lain berpotensi menjadi distraksi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain ex post facto pada 100 siswa kelas X program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (TITL) yang dipilih melalui proportional random sampling. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner penggunaan smartphone, skala kontrol diri, serta dokumentasi nilai hasil belajar, dan dianalisis dengan regresi berganda, uji moderasi, dan mediasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan smartphone berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap hasil belajar (β = –0,34; p < 0,05), dengan kontribusi sebesar 11,6% (R² = 0,116). Kontrol diri terbukti memoderasi hubungan ini (β = 0,19; p < 0,05), sehingga siswa dengan kontrol diri tinggi lebih mampu menekan dampak negatif penggunaan smartphone. Analisis mediasi menemukan bahwa penggunaan non-akademik menjadi mediator signifikan yang memperkuat efek negatif (β = –0,42; p < 0,01), sedangkan penggunaan akademik tidak menunjukkan pengaruh positif signifikan (β = 0,18; p > 0,05). Faktor demografis yang berpengaruh hanya latar belakang ekonomi (p < 0,05), sementara jenis kelamin dan lama kepemilikan smartphone tidak signifikan. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa smartphone bersifat ambivalen: dapat merugikan hasil belajar jika digunakan untuk kepentingan non-akademik, tetapi berpotensi mendukung pembelajaran jika diarahkan secara tepat.
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