Among Video-Based Learning, Web-Based Learning and EFL Students’ Mastery of Conditional Sentences: A Study of Senior High School Level

Juniva J. Mangundap; Olga A.  Rorintulus; Ceisy N.  Wuntu

doi:10.53682/eclue.v13i1.4599

Authors

Juniva J. Mangundap Senior High School of Klabat University
Olga A. Rorintulus Universitas Negeri Manado
Ceisy N. Wuntu Universitas Negeri Manado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53682/eclue.v13i1.4599

Keywords:

Video-Based Learning (VBL), Web-Based Learning (WBL), Grammar Mastery, Conditional Sentences, Educational Technology

Abstract

This research explored the impact of Video-Based Learning (VBL) and Web-Based Learning (WBL) on enhancing the understanding of conditional sentences (Types 1, 2, and 3) among Grade 10 students at SMA UNKLAB Airmadidi. Employing a quasi-experimental design, 60 students were assigned to two groups: one received instruction via VBL, while the other was taught using WBL. Pre-test and post-test results were examined using IBM SPSS Version 26, with both paired-sample and independent-sample t-tests applied. The paired-sample t-test indicated notable improvement in both groups. The average score for the VBL group rose from 33.60 to 77.87, and for the WBL group from 33.20 to 59.73. The independent-sample t-test yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.001, signifying a statistically significant difference between the groups. While both approaches were effective, VBL demonstrated a more substantial effect on students' grammar proficiency. Additionally, analysis showed no significant difference in performance based on gender, suggesting that both teaching methods were equally effective for male and female students. Overall, the findings underscore the advantages of incorporating digital media in grammar instruction, with VBL particularly enhancing student engagement and understanding of complex grammar topics. This study affirms the value of multimedia in English teaching and highlights the potential of visual and interactive content to boost learner motivation and success.

References

Abwi, Zulfa Ridhani 2023). Improving Students’ Learning Enthusiasm for the Islamic Education Subject Using Wordwall. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, Vol. 4 No. 2.

Alharbi, M. A. (2019). Integration of video in teaching grammar to EFL Arab learners. Computer-Assisted Language Learning-Electronic Journal, 20(1), 135-153.

Amjad, M., Ghous, A. G., & Tahir, A. (2021). Integration of Task-based Language Teaching and Grammar Translation Method to Teach Conditional Sentences. Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 2(2), 46-58.

Amalia, H., Abdullah, F., & Fatimah, A.S. (2021). The title of your paper: Capitalize the first letter only. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(Special Issue 2), 794-810.

Anastasya, F. L., Afandi, M., Aquami, A., Handayani, T., & Nurlaeli, N. (2022). Utilization of Youtube Video as A Thematic Learning Media In Elementary School. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 8(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v8i1.12245

Apriyana, A., & Jaya, A. C. (2015). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe GroupInvestigation Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hikmah SU 1 Palembang. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 1(2), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v1i2.669

Artadi, A., & Setiawan, H. (2024). Perbandingan Fungsi Kalimat Kondisional Tewa dan Baai Berdasarkan Modalitas dan Teori Teritori Informasi. KIRYOKU, 1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v1i1.1-13

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to research in education 8th edition. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 8(8), 1-320.

Astuti, L., Wihardi, Y., & Rochintaniawati, D. (2020). The Development of Web-Based Learning Using Interactive Media for Science Learning on Levers in Human Body Topic. Journal of Science Learning, 3(2), 89-98

Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22). Statistical significance. Scribbr.

Bujuri, D. A. (2018). Analisis Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dasar dan Implikasinyadalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar. LITERASI (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan), 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2018.9(1).37-50

Chang, S. C. (2011). A contrastive study of grammar-translation method and communicative approach in teaching English grammar. English language teaching,4(2), 13.

Chotiyarnwong, P., Boonnasa, W., Chotiyarnwong, C., & Unnanuntana, A. (2021). Video based learning versus traditional lecture-based learning for osteoporosis education: a randomized controlled trial. Aging clinical and experimental research, 33, 125-131.

Clark, V. L. P., & Creswell, J. W. (2008). The mixed methods reader. Sage.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Dewi, K. S., Myartawan, I. P. N. W., Swari, N. K. T. A., & Sugihartini, N. (2020). Quizizz Effect on Students’grammar Mastery in Higher EFL Classroom Based Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL). Language and Education Journal Undiksha, 3(1), 15-24.

Elder, C. H., & Elder, C. H. (2019). Conditional Sentences, Conditional Thoughts. Context, Cognition and Conditionals, 9-56.

Erni, E., Adetiya, W., & Yuberti, Y. (2021). Development Of Android-Based Mobile Learning Media Using Android Studio on Natural Science Subject in Elementary School. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 7(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v7i2.10465

Fakhruddin, A., Nurhidayat, E., & Rofi'i, A. (2022). Implementing Quizziz as Game-Based Learning in Teaching Grammar in Written Discourse. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 13(2), 143-148.

Fidrayani, F., & Purdiasih, R. D. (2022). Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Crossword Puzzle Media to Learning and Students’ Social Science Learning Outcome in Elementary School. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 8(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v8i1.9911

Gutierrez, L., & Chadwick, N. (2020). Are Conditional Sentence Orders Used Differently for Indigenous Offenders? A Comparison of Sentences and Outcomes in Canada. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 62(4), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2019-0044

Hamalik, O. (1992). Psikologi belajar dan mengajar. Sinar Baru.

Hapsari, F. S., Frijuniarsi, N., Isroyati, I., & Ahyar, M. F. M. (2023). Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Grammar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa. Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Riset Pendidikan, 3(3), 200-206.

Haza'Al Rdaat, S., & Gardner, S. (2017). An analysis of use of conditional sentences by Arab students of English. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.1

Hidayah, N., Nasir, N., Afriana, S., & Shawmi, A. N. (2021). Development of Environment Based Islamic Comic Learning Media at Class IV In Elementary School. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 7(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v7i1.827

Huddleston-Casas, C. A. (n.d.). Four major mixed methods designs. Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska at Lincoln.

Ismiyanti, Y., Permatasari, D., Mayasari, N., & Qoni’ah, M. (2023). The Impact of Video Based Learning to Cognitive Learning Outcome of Student in Elementary School. JIP Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI, 9(1), 51-60.

Istiningsih, I., Mukti, F. D., & Santoso, E. Y. N. S. (2020). Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Learning Media of Natural Science Subject on Subject Matter of Water Cycle for MI Grade V Students. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 6(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v6i1.5795

Joko Prayudha, S. (2021). Video based learning as a media for teaching English during pandemic covid-19. Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture, 2(1), 1-11.

Joshua, S. R., & Mogea, T. (2024). A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning in Indonesia. IJOAL, 3 (2).

Kaufmann, M., & Kaufmann, S. (2015). Conditionals and modality. The handbook of contemporary semantic theory, 237-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118882139.ch8

Kenny, A. (2000). Untangling the Web; barriers and benefits for nurse education; an Australian perspective. Nurse Education Today, 20(5), 381-388.

Khairunisa, Y. (2021). Pemanfaatan fitur gamifikasi daring maze chase–wordwall sebagai media pembelajaran digital mata kuliah statistika dan probabilitas. MEDIASI, 2(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.46961/mediasi.v2i1.254

Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. Routledge.

Kusumastuti, D. (2017). Analisis kontrastif kopula bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Inggris. Khazanah Pendidikan, 10(2).

Laerd Statistics. (2018). Independent-samples t-test using SPSS Statistics. SPSS

Leech, G., Deuchar, M., & Hoogenraad, R. (2006). English grammar for today (p. 3). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lestari, R. D. (2021). Upaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran daring melalui media game edukasi wordwall di kelas IV sdn 01 Tanahbaya Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Guru, 2(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.30738/jipg.vol2.no2.a11309

Liando, N. V. F., Tatipang, D. P., Rorimpandey, R., Kumayas, T., Saudah, K., & Iskandar, I. (2025). AI-powered language learning: A blessing or a curse for English language education?. Studies in English Language and Education, 12(1), 301-311.

Liu, M., & Barthel, M. (2021). Semantics processing of conditional connectives: German wenn ‘if’versus nur wenn ‘only if’. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50(6), 1337-1368.

Luke, J. Y., Pawestri, N., & Sela, S. T. (2021, March). Video-based learning that supports the success of flipped classroom for non-english faculty. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 704, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing.

Makmun, A. S. (1998). Psikologi kependidikan perangkat sistem pengajaran modul. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Maru, M. G., Tamowangkay, F. P., Pelenkahu, N., & Wuntu, C. (2022). Teachers’ perception toward the impact of platform used in online learning communication in the eastern Indonesia. ijcs, 4, 321.

Mazelin, N., Maniam, M., Jeyaraja, S. S. B., Ng, M. M., Xiaoqi, Z., & Jingjing, Z. (2022). Using wordwall to improve students’ engagement in esl classroom. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 12(8), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.55493/5007.v12i8.4558

Murtiningsih, S. R., Kurniawati, S., & Putri, A. W. D. (2022). University EFL students' grammar mastery and their writing ability: A quantitative study. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation on Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences (ICOSI-HESS). Atlantis Press.

Muthohharoh, S. R., Bharati, D. A. L., & Rozi, F. (2020). The Implementation of Authentic Assessment to Assess Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills in Writing at MAN 2 Tulungagung. English Education Journal, 10(3), 374-386. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v10i1.36590

Nadeak, B., & Naibaho, L. (2020). Video-Based Learning on Improving Students’ Learning Output. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(2), 44-54.

Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. Routledge.

Nemoto, T., & Beglar, D. (2014, November). Likert-scale questionnaires. In JALT 2013 conference proceedings (Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 1-6).

Paivio, A. (2014). Mind and its evolution: A dual coding theoretical approach. Psychology press.

Panagiotidis, P., Krystalli, P., & Arvanitis, P. (2023). Technology as a motivational factor in foreign language learning. European Journal of Education (EJED), 6(1), 69-84.

Pattemore, A., & Muñoz, C. (2020). Learning L2 Constructions from Captioned Audio-Visual Exposure: The Effect of Learner-Related Factors. System, 93, 102303.

Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A., García, T., & McKEACHIE, W. J. (1991). The motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor, MI: NCRIPTAL, The University of Michigan.

Pirani, A. (2021). Teachers’perception on The Use of Google Classroom and Video Learning Material in Supporting Students’ Grammar Understanding. Unpublished bachelor thesis, Uin Walisongo, Semarang, Indonesia.

Purwanto, N. (1998). Psikologi pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Purwanto, N. (2002). Psikologi pendidikan. Remaja Rosda Karya.

Putri, S. W., Rosiana, W. N., Cibro, D. R., & Naailah, S. (2024). Implementation and Implications of Conditional Sentences in English Grammar. Jurnal Dieksis ID, 4(1), 41-52.

Quelhas, A. C., Rasga, C., & Johnson‐Laird, P. N. (2017). A priori true and false conditionals. Cognitive Science, 41, 1003-1030. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12479

Rachman, A., Yochanan, E., Samanlangi, A. I., & Purnomo, H. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Rahmawati, A. P., & Wijayanti, P. R. (2022). Implementing Joyful Learning Strategy Using Wordwall.net in Order to Improve Reading Comprehension Skills. Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences, 3(7), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v3i.261

Redjeki, I. S., & Muhajir, R. (2020). Duolingo for grammar learning. Prosiding LPPM Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor

Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2013). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics. Routledge.

Rusdi, A., Fitriani, A., Hamzah, A., Handayani, T., & Bujuri, D. A. (2022). Development Of Diorama Media on Cultural Diversity Materials in My Country Islamic Elementary School. Al-Mudarris: Journal of Education, 5(2), 157–172.

Sabang, R. R., & Bochari, S. (2023). Assessing the Use of Animated Video in Improving Pronunciation of Coronal Obstruent Sounds among MAN 2 Palu Students. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 10(2).

Santrock, J. W. (2007). Psikologi pendidikan. Kencana.

Sardiman, A. M. (2003). Interaksi & motivasi belajar mengajar. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Sarica, G. N., & Cavus, N. (2008). Web-Based English Language Learning. Online Submission.

Septiani, S., Ramadhany, C. L., Putri, S. A., & Anhar, A. (2024). Koherensi dan Kejelasan Kalimat dalam Surat Perjanjian Kerjasama: Pendekatan Linguistik dan Legal. Indo MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, 5(5), 6162-6167.

https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v5i5.1960

Seven, M. A. (2020). Motivation in Language Learning and Teaching. African Educational Research Journal, 8, 62-71.

Singal, C. M., Lengkong, J. S., & Mogea, E. T. (2021). E-learning management in St. Nikolaus Tomohon Junior High School. Ijar, 7(6), 247-252.

Sobur, A. (2003). Psikologi umum dalam lintasan sejarah. Pustaka Setia.

Soemanto, W. (1998). Psikologi pendidikan. Rineka Cipta.

Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. M. (2006). How languages are learned. Oxford University Press.

Stratton, S. J. (2023). Population sampling: Probability and non-probability techniques. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(2), 147-148.

Sunubi, A. H., & Utary, R. (2020). Video-based Learning (VBL): An implementation on advanced learners of English class. ELITE JOURNAL, 2(2), 197-206.

Sweller, J. (2011). Cognitive load theory. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 55, pp. 37-76). Academic Press.

Taka, S. D. (2020). The efficacy of using pair work technique in teaching conditional sentences to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) students. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(2), 602-610.

https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1690

Thornbury, S. (1999). How to teach grammar. Readings in Methodology.

Ulviah, L., Subroto, S. H., & Satifah, O. (2021). Development of Comic Learning Media To Improve Student’s Concept Understanding and Learning Independence. JIP (Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI), 7(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.19109/jip.v7i1.8090

Uno, H. B., & Kuadrat, M. (2009). Mengelola kecerdasan dalam pembelajaran: Sebuah konsep pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan. Bumi Aksara.

Ur, P. (1988). Grammar practice activities: A practical guide for teachers. Cambridge University Press.

Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management science, 46(2), 186-204.

Vijayalakshmi, A., & Kumar, J. (2020). Role of multimedia on motivation and knowledge retention. The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal, (12), 4, 1500-1509.

Widodo, H. (2006). Approaches and procedures for teaching grammar. English teaching,5(1), 121

Wang, M., Cheng, B., Chen, J., Mercer, N., & Kirschner, P. A. (2017). The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment. The Internet and Higher Education, 34, 28-40.

Wingkel, S. (1996). Psikologi pengajaran. Grafindo.

Yee, B. C., & Kwon, V. (2017). Using multimedia interactive grammar to enhance possessive pronouns among Year 4 pupils. Journal of English Education JEE, 2(1), 34-35.

Yusuf, M., & Bahraen, M. J. (2021). Kalimat Kondisional dalam Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Inggris (Analisis Kontrastif Bentuk dan Fungsi). Tsaqofiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 3(2), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.21154/tsaqofiya.v3i2.79

Yule, G. (2022). The study of language (6th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Zitouni, S., & Kerthiou, O. (2020). Improving EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill through Using Video Technique. (Doctoral dissertation, University Ahmed Draya-Adrar).