FRIENDSHIP IN JACK LONDON’S THE CALL OF THE WILD

Clement Lumowa; Nihta Liando; Merlin Maukar

doi:10.36582/jotell.v2i4.6120

Authors

Clement Lumowa Universitas negeri manado
Nihta Liando Universitas Negeri Manado
Merlin Maukar Universitas Negeri Manado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36582/jotell.v2i4.6120

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the friendship in Jack London’s The Call of the Wild. It is qualitative research, with the data used being primary sources and secondary. Primary data was taken from the quotes from the novel, and secondary was from articles, journals, books, and the internet related to the analysis. The objective approach by M. H. Abrams was used in analyzing the data. Based on the analysis, it was found that the friendship between Buck and Thornton was revealed in some settings and times. Their friendship revealed to admire one another’s good qualities with sympathy, generosity, fairness, and courage of the friend, while the characteristics of their friendship revealed in this novel were voluntary, personal relationship, affective bond, and mutual and equal relationship. This study primarily found their friendship revealed in four contexts: They supported and protected each other, showed affection, were faithful towards each other, and they shared good and bad moments. It is suggested that future researchers may use the objective approach to analyze the themes in this novel since the approach is considered appropriate for analyzing the intrinsic parts of the literary works. The future researcher may also analyze other interesting themes or elements of the novel with the same approach or the same theme with a different approach.

References

Abram, M. H. (1979). The Mirror and the Lamp; Romantic Theory and The Critical Tradition. Oxford University Press.

Aristotle. (1987). The Nicomachean Ethics (J. E. C. Welldon, Trans.). In. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

Barnet, S. (1963). The Study of Literature. Little Brown and Co.

Bigden, R. C., & Biklen, S. N. (1982). Qualitative Research for Education: An Intrdouction to Theory and Method (2nd, Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.

Creswell, J. W., & Cresswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In (5th ed.). Sage Publication, inc.

Crowell, J. A., Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Measures of individual differences in adolescent and adult attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (2nd ed., pp. 599-634). Guilford Press.

Dotson, M., & Hyatt, E. M. (2008). Understanding Dog–human companionship. Journal of Business Research, 61(5), 457–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.019

George, M. W. (2008). The Elements of Library Research: What Every Student Needs to Know. Princeton University Press.

Griffith, K. (1986). Writing Essay about Literature. Javanovich Publisher.

Hadid, M. F. I. (2018). A Journey to the Wild: Buck's Character Development in Jack London's The Call of the Wild [S1 Thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Yogyakarta.

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.

Hosey, G., & Melvi, V. (2014). Human-Animal Interactions, Relationships and Bonds: A Review and Analysis of the Literature. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 27(1), 117-142. https://doi.org/10.46867/ijcp.2014.27.01.01

Liliana. (2001). The Animal Character as the Representation of Jack London's Life in the Call of the Wild [S1 Thesis, Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta]. Yogyakarta.

London, J. G. (1903). The Call Of The Will. In. United States: Macmillan.

Merriam-Webster. (2021). Friendship. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/friendship

Purnomo, C. K. (2016). Behind Buck's Decision to go into the Wild as Seen in Jack London's The Call of the Wild [S1 Thesis, Universitas Sanata Dharma]. Yogyakarta.

Rawlins, W. K. (2017). Foreword. In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), The Psychology of Friendship. Oxford University Press.

Roberts, E. V., & Jacobs, H. E. (2010). Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Prentice-Hall.

Si, W. (2016). A Study of The Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Greimas’ Semiotic Square Theory. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(8), 1706-1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0608.27

Telfer, E. (1971). XIII—Friendship. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 71(1), 223-242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/71.1.223

Townley, C. (2011). Animals as Friends. Between the Species, 13(10), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.15368/bts.2010v13n10.3